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CHIANG KAI-SHEK- MARSHAL OF CHINA by SVEN HEDIN. Contents include: Preface xi. PART I. I. Visiting the Emperor of Japan 3 II. Chiang Kai-shek s Years of Study in Japan 6 IIL The Fall of the Manchu Dynasty n IV. The Northern Campaign 14 V* Chiang Kai-shek s Mission 22 VI-My First Meeting with the Marshal 26 VII. The Communist Revolt 33 VIII. Manchuria 38 IX, The Attack on Shanghai, 1932; Armistice 48 X, A Visit to the Marshal** Headquarters 5^ XL China and the Border States 71 XIL The New Life Movement 80 XIII* The Fiftieth Anniversary 92 XIV* Dramatic Days at Sian xoi XV The Marshal s Diary from Sian 120 XVL The Obscurity around the Sian Incident viii Contents PART II CHAPTER * ACW XVIL Japan s Road to Greatness 137 XVIII. My Visit to Japan Thirty Years Ago 147 XIX. Japan during the Last Three Decades 15$ XX. The Causes of the War 159 XXL The Outbreak of the War i6 y XXII. The War Spreads 173 XXIIL Direct Reports on the War in China i8y XXIV. The Degeneration of the War rjy XXV. The Chinese Resistance Hardens 208 XXVI. China Endures the War 210 XXVIL The Marshal Speaks XXVIIL China s Last Routes to the Outside World XXIX* China s Imperial Highway through A* Ja The War round Marshal Chiang Epilogue 70 Index % 8 f Illustrations SPACING PAGE Marshal Chiang Kai-shek 20 Chang Tso-lin and His Sons 21 General T ang Yxi-Iin, Governor of Jehol $ 6 Sven lied in with Marshal Chiang Kai-shek and Mme, Chiang 57 Teh Wang and His Son 7& amp; lt; Darkhan Beile, a Mongol Prince 77 The Luanho River, Which Connects Jehol with the Sea 104 A Mixed Team Mule and Water Buffalo 105 One End of the Marco Polo Bridge Street; Scene in Peking A Weaving Factory in Kunming 202 Air Raid * 3 Construction on the Burma-Yunnan Railroad 232 A Camel Caravan 2 33 Japanese Troops Scaling a Wall of the Kiaagym Fort 266 Salt Carriers Rest near Kunming Sketch Map of the Main Road between China and Russia lx. Preface: FOR, NO LESS THAN FIFTY YEARS I HAVE FELT STRONGLY attached to the Middle Kingdom and I have spent the happiest and most successful years of my life in that vast country. The first time I set foot on Chinese ground was in 1890 and I was last there in 1935. And now in 1940 when the whole world is being rent asunder by new bloody wars, I can see an endless row of never-to-be-forgotten memories, all emanating from the Yellow Earth and in some way or other connected with the pleasant and patient people of China. 1 entered into very intimate and confidential relations with the Central Government at Nanking when late in the sum mer of 1933 I was offered and accepted the task of staking out, and, with the assistance of Chinese experts, of mapping and describing two automobile highways for that Govern ment, which roads were to be built between China proper and the province of Sinkiang. Earlier, in the spring of 1929, I had had the honor of meeting the great Marshal, General Chiang Kai-shek, in Nanking, and after my return from the automobile journey in February, 1935, I had the pleasure of going to Hankow and rendering an account to him and his charming wife of the results obtained by the expedition. On both these occasions the Marshal s splendid personality made a deep and indelible impression upon me. Like all true friends and admirers of China, I was profoundly grieved by Japan s attack on her great neighbor, and by the extensive invasion which commenced on the seventh of July, 1937. Undoubtedly Japan was driven to this step by forces as natural as they were strong. Her rapidly growing popula tion required living space and her flourishing trade and indus try needed raw materials. ...