William Goodwin: An Introduction to Forensic Genetics, Gebunden

Beschreibung

This is a completely revised edition of a comprehensive and popular introduction to the fast moving area of Forensic Genetics. The book begins with key concepts needed to fully appreciate the subject and moves on to examine the latest developments in the field. Now illustrated in full colour throughout, this accessible textbook includes numerous references to relevant casework. With information on the full process of DNA evidence from collection at the scene of a crime to presentation in a legal context this book provides a complete overview of the field.
Key Features:
Greater in-depth coverage of kinship problems now covered in two separate chapters: one dealing with relationships between living individuals and the other covering identification of human remains.
New chapter on non-human forensic genetics, including identification of bacteria and viruses, animals and plants.
Self assessment questions to aid student understanding throughout the text.
Now with full colour illustrations throughout
New companion website
Accessible introduction to forensic genetics, from the collection of evidence to the presentation of evidence in a legal context.
Included in the Forensic Science Society 'Essentials in Forensic Science' book seriesThis edition is to be included in the Forensic Science Society 'Essentials of Forensic Science' book series aimed at advanced level undergraduates and new practitioners to the field.

Inhaltsangabe

Foreword.
Preface.
1 Introduction to forensic genetics.
Forensic genetics.
A brief history of forensic genetics.
2 DNA structure and the genome.
DNA structure.
Organization of DNA into chromosomes.
The structure of the human genome.
Genetic diversity of modern humans.
The genome and forensic genetics.
Tandem repeats.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms.
3 Biological material-collection, characterization and storage.
Sources of biological evidence.
Collection and handling of material at the crime scene.
Identification and characterization of biological evidence.
Evidence collection.
Sexual and physical assault.
Storage of biological material.
4 DNA extraction and quantification.
DNAextraction.
General principles of DNA extraction.
DNA extraction from challenging samples.
Quantification of DNA.
DNA IQ system.
5 Polymerase chain reaction.
The evolution of PCR-based profiling in forensic genetics.
DNA replication: the basis of the PCR.
The components of PCR.
Taq DNA polymerase.
The PCR process.
PCR inhibition.
Sensitivity and contamination.
The PCR laboratory.
6 The analysis of short tandem repeats.
Structure of STR loci.
The development of STR multiplexes.
Detection of STR polymorphisms.
Interpretation of STR profiles.
7 Assessment of STR profiles.
Stutter peaks.
Split peaks (±N).
Pull-up.
Template DNA
Overloaded profiles.
Low template DNA typing.
Peak balance.
Mixtures.
Degraded DNA.
PCR inhibition.
8 Statistical interpretation of STR profiles.
Population genetics.
Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Statistical tests to determine deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Estimating the frequencies of STR profiles.
Corrections to allele frequency databases.
Which population frequency database should be used?
Conclusions.
9 Evaluation and presentation of DNA evidence.
Hierarchies of propositions.
Likelihood ratios.
Two fallacies.
Comparison of three approaches.
10 Databases of DNA profiles.
The UK National DNA Database.
Legislation in England and Wales.
International situation.
11 Kinship testing.
Parentage testing.
Punnett square.
Identification of human remains.
12 Single nucleotide polymorphisms.
SNPs-occurrence and structure.
Detection of SNPs.
SNP detection for forensic applications.
Forensic applications of SNPs.
SNPs compared with STR loci.
13 Lineage markers.
Mitochondria.
Applications of mtDNA profiling.
Haplotypes and haplogroups.
The Y chromosome.
Forensic applications of Y chromosome polymorphisms.
14 Non-human DNA typing.
Non-human sample types. Species identification.
Linkage to an individual using STR Loci.
Linkage to an individual using mitochondrial loci.
Microbial DNA testing.
Concluding comments.
Appendix A: Forensic parameters.
Appendix B: Useful web links.
Glossary.
Abbreviations.
Index.

Klappentext

An Introduction to Forensic Genetics, Second Edition is a revised edition of this comprehensive and popular introduction to the fast moving area of Forensic Genetics. The book begins with the key concepts needed to fully appreciate the subject and moves on to examine the latest developments in the field. Now illustrated in full colour throughout, this accessible textbook includes references to relevant casework. With information on the full process of DNA evidence from collection at the scene of a crime to presentation in a legal context, providing a complete overview of the field.

A new chapter looking at non-human forensic genetics, including identification of bacteria and viruses, animals and plants is also included.

• Now with full colour illustrations throughout
• New companion wesites at www. wiley. com / go / forensic2e
• Greater coverage of kinship problems
• Accessible introduction to forensic genetics, from the collection of evidence to the presentation of evidence in a legal context

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